WHEAT: The outlook for 2020/21 U.S. wheat this month is for larger supplies, lower domestic use,
unchanged exports, and increased stocks. Supplies are raised as larger beginning stocks more than
offset lower production. Beginning stocks are increased on the NASS Grain Stocks report, issued
June 30, which indicated higher 2019/20 ending stocks than previously estimated. This also resulted
in lowering 2019/20 feed and residual use by 61 million bushels to 74 million. Wheat production for
2020/21 is reduced 53 million bushels to 1,824 million. Winter wheat production is lowered 48 million
bushels to 1,218 million with reductions in Hard Red Winter and Soft Red Winter. The initial 2020/21
survey-based production forecasts for other spring and Durum were issued this month by NASS.
Other spring wheat is less than last year at 550 million bushels on lower forecast yields while Durum
is higher at 56 million on increased harvested area. Domestic use is 10 million bushels lower this
month, all on reduced feed and residual use as 2020/21 U.S. corn supplies are still projected
significantly larger than last year. Projected 2020/21 exports are unchanged at 950 million bushels
but there were several offsetting by-class changes this month. Ending stocks for 2020/21 are
projected 17 million bushels higher than last month at 942 million. The projected season-average
farm price (SAFP) is unchanged at $4.60 per bushel, compared to the revised 2019/20 SAFP of
$4.58.
The 2020/21 global wheat outlook is for smaller supplies, reduced consumption, lower exports, and
decreased stocks. Supplies are reduced 2.9 million tons to 1,066 million as larger beginning stocks
are more than offset by reduced production, primarily in the EU, United States, Morocco, and Russia.
EU production is lowered 1.5 million tons to 139.5 million, mainly on reductions for France and Spain.
If realized, this would be the smallest EU wheat production since 2012/13. Morocco is lowered
800,000 tons to 2.7 million, the smallest output since 2007/08, primarily on updated government
estimates. Russia is reduced 500,000 tons to 76.5 million as lower winter wheat production is
partially offset by increased spring wheat output. Projected 2020/21 global trade is reduced 0.8
million tons to 188.0 million as lower EU exports are only partially offset by higher Australian exports.
World consumption is lowered 1.6 million tons to 751.6 million, primarily on reduced feed and residual
use in the EU, the United States, and Morocco. Projected 2020/21 world ending stocks are lowered
1.3 million tons to 314.8 million but remain record-large with China and India accounting for 51 and
10 percent of the total, respectively.
COARSE GRAINS: This month’s 2020/21 U.S. corn outlook is for sharply lower supplies, reduced
feed and residual use, increased food, seed, and industrial use, and lower ending stocks. Corn
beginning stocks are raised 145 million bushels, based on lower use forecasts for 2019/20. Feed
and residual use for 2019/20 is lower based on indicated disappearance during the first three
quarters of the marketing year as reported in the June 30 Grain Stocks. Food, seed, and industrial
use is lowered 45 million bushels. Corn used for ethanol is lowered 50 million bushels based on
reported use to date and weekly ethanol production data reported by the Energy Information
Administration during the month of June and into early July. Projected corn used for glucose and
dextrose and starch are both raised, while that used for high fructose corn syrup is lowered.
For 2020/21, corn production is forecast 995 million bushels lower based on reduced planted and
harvested areas from the June 30 Acreage report. The national average corn yield is unchanged at
178.5 bushels per acre. During June, harvested-area weighted precipitation for the major corn
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producing states as reported by the National Centers for Environmental Information was below
normal, but did not represent an extreme deviation from the 1988 to 2019 average. Silking as
reported in the Crop Progress report is slower than the recent historical average and for much of the
crop the critical pollination period will be during middle and late July. Projected feed and residual use
is lowered 200 million bushels, reflecting a smaller crop and higher expected prices. Food, seed, and
industrial use is raised 25 million bushels, based on projected increases in the amount of corn used
for beverage and manufacturing, starch, and glucose and dextrose. Small revisions are made to
historical trade and utilization estimates based on the 13th month trade data revisions from the
Census Bureau. With supply declining more than use, stocks are lowered 675 million bushels to 2.6
billion. The season-average corn price received by producers is raised 15 cents to $3.35 per bushel.
This month’s 2020/21 foreign coarse grain outlook is for virtually unchanged production, slightly
higher trade, and lower stocks relative to last month. Foreign corn production is virtually unchanged
from last month, as forecast increases for Russia and Bolivia are essentially offset by a reduction for
Canada. Barley production is lowered for the EU and Morocco but raised for Canada. Major global
trade changes for 2020/21 include larger corn imports for Canada and Algeria, with a partly offsetting
reduction for Kenya. For 2019/20, corn exports are raised for Argentina but lowered for Brazil for the
local marketing year beginning March 2020 based on observed data through early July. China’s corn
feed and residual use for 2019/20 and 2020/21 is raised from last month, based on a faster-thanexpected rebound in soybean meal equivalent protein consumption and current corn prices. Foreign
corn ending stocks for 2020/21 are lowered from last month, with the largest declines for China,
Argentina, the EU, Canada, and Mexico.
RICE: The outlook for both 2019/20 and 2020/21 U.S. rice is for increased supplies, higher domestic
use, and lower exports while ending stocks are reduced for 2019/20 and increased for 2020/21. All
rice supplies for 2020/21 are raised 3.5 million cwt this month based on a 4.5-million-cwt production
increase and a 1.0-million-cwt import increase, which are partially offset by a 2.0-million-cwt reduction
in beginning stocks. The NASS Rice Stocks report, and surging imports, implied significantly higher
domestic and residual use than previously estimated for 2019/20. Imports for both 2019/20 and
2020/21 are raised to record-high levels, primarily reflecting strong demand for imported Asian
aromatic varieties. Long-grain production for 2020/21 is raised 6.3 million cwt to 161.8 million on
increased planted acreage, and combined medium- and short-grain production is lowered 1.8 million
to 58.9 million on reduced area, based on the June 30 NASS Acreage report. Rising domestic and
residual use is expected to continue in 2020/21. Exports for 2019/20 are lowered 1.5 million cwt on
continued uncompetitive prices for U.S. long grain as well as recent cancelations of outstanding
sales; 2020/21 exports are lowered 1.0 million cwt (though still up 3.5 million cwt from the previous
market year) on expectations of continued strong international competition for long grain exports. All
rice ending stocks for 2020/21 are raised 0.5 million cwt to 43.8 million and the season-average farm
price for all rice is lowered $0.20 per cwt to $12.70.
Global 2020/21 rice supplies are raised fractionally on higher beginning stocks and production. The
higher 2020/21 beginning stocks stem from several 2019/20 changes including a 0.9-million-ton
production increase that is only partially offset by increased domestic and residual use. Global
2020/21 production and domestic use are each raised 0.5 million tons, and both remain record high.
With supplies rising more than use, global 2020/21 ending stocks are a record high 185.8 million tons
with China and India respectively holding 63 percent and 21 percent.
OILSEEDS: U.S. oilseed production for 2020/21 is projected at 122.8 million tons, down 0.4 million
from last month, with increases for soybeans and peanuts offset with reductions for canola,
sunflowerseed, and cottonseed. Soybean production is projected at 4.14 billion bushels, up 10
million on increased harvested area. Harvested area, forecast at 83.0 million acres in the June 30
Acreage report, is up 0.2 million from last month. The soybean yield forecast is unchanged at 49.8
bushels per acre. With higher beginning stocks, 2020/21 soybean supplies are raised 45 million
bushels. Soybean crush is raised 15 million bushels reflecting an increase in domestic soybean meal
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disappearance which is raised in line with an increase for 2019/20. With projections for exports
unchanged, 2020/21 soybean ending stocks are increased 30 million bushels to 425 million.
Soybean changes for 2019/20 include higher crush, lower residual use, and higher ending stocks.
Soybean residual use is reduced 50 million bushels, reflecting June 1 soybean stocks reported in the
recent Grain Stocks report, and reported soybean use through May. Soybean ending stocks for
2019/20 are projected at 620 million bushels, up 35 million from last month.
The U.S. season-average soybean price for 2020/21 is forecast at $8.50 per bushel, up $0.30 partly
reflecting higher price expectations following the June Acreage report. The soybean meal price is
projected at $300.00 per short ton, up $10.00 from last month. The soybean oil price forecast is
unchanged at 29.0 cents per pound.
The 2020/21 global oilseed supply and demand forecasts include lower production, lower exports,
higher crush, and lower ending stocks compared to last month. Global oilseed production is reduced
2.0 million tons to 604.2 million on lower rapeseed, cottonseed, and soybean production. Canola
production is lowered for Canada based on updated government data. Soybean production is
lowered for Canada and Uruguay, resulting in lower 2020/21 exports for both countries.
The 2020/21 global soybean ending stocks are reduced 1.3 million tons to 95.1 million as lower
stocks for Brazil and China are partly offset by higher U.S. stocks. Lower foreign stocks reflect
notable balance sheet revisions for Brazil in 2019/20 and China in 2019/20 and 2020/21. For Brazil,
the 2019/20 crop is increased 2 million tons to 126 million, reflecting higher yields. Exports are
increased 4 million tons to 89 million, leading to a 2-million-ton reduction to ending stocks. The local
year exports (February 2020-January 2021) are also increased 2.5 million tons to 79.5 million.
China’s 2019/20 balance sheet changes include a 2-million-ton increase in imports to 96 million and a
1-million-ton increase to crush, resulting in higher ending stocks. For 2020/21, China’s higher
beginning stocks are offset by higher crush, leading to lower ending stocks. With these changes,
China’s year-over-year soybean meal domestic disappearance growth remains at 7 percent.
SUGAR: U.S. sugar supply for 2020/21 is increased 187,367 short tons, raw value (STRV) to 13.921
million based on an increase in beginning stocks and production only partially offset by a reduction in
imports. An increase in beginning stocks of 140,070 STRV results from increases in 2019/20 FTA
TRQ imports from the implementation of USMCA and in 2019/20 imports from Mexico. Combined
national beet sugar production and cane sugar production in 2020/21 are increased by 85,000 STRV
based on projected increases in area harvested reported in the NASS Acreage report. TRQ imports
for 2020/21 are increased by the quantity of specialty sugar beyond the WTO minimum as
announced by the Secretary of Agriculture (154,323 STRV) and by projected FTA imports from
Canada under USMCA (30,581 STRV). Imports from Mexico are projected at 1.079 million STRV, a
reduction of 222,607 from last month. Net imports for 2020/21 are thereby reduced 37,703 STRV.
There are no changes to use. Ending stocks are projected at 1.656 million STRV for an ending
stocks-to-use ratio of 13.5 percent.
Under the USMCA effective July 1, 2020, Canada is to receive a calendar year export allotment of
9,600 metric tons (MT) of refined beet sugar for the entry into the U.S. market. USTR set the
allotment for the remainder of 2020 at 4,800 MT, one-half of the annual amount. The allotment for
2021 is assumed at the full statutory level. USTR also granted Canada 20 percent of the 181,437 MT
additional refined sugar TRQ established in April before the implementation of the USMCA. The 20-
percent level of any addition to the refined sugar TRQ is set out in the USMCA and only applies in
this case to calendar year 2020. These allocated amounts are prorated on a quarterly basis across
the final two quarters of 2020 and the first three quarters of 2021.
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Mexico production for 2019/20 is estimated at 5.282 million MT. This is an increase of 52,000 MT
over last month mostly on better yields. FAS Mexico City Post reporting supports downward
adjustments of 43,604 MT reflecting combined lower deliveries to the IMMEX re-export program and
for human consumption. Required ending stocks to meet delivery needs for the 2.5 months before
the start of the 2020/21 sugarcane campaign are lowered on the basis of lower projected deliveries in
2020/21. The net result of these changes is to increase residually determined exportable supply by
119,979 MT. Exports to the United States are increased to 1.194 million MT. Raw exports to the
United States are estimated between 740,000 and 757,000 MT from 2019/20 production and
beginning raw sugar stock levels.
Mexico sugar supply and use for 2020/21 has fewer beginning stocks, lower projected deliveries for
IMMEX and human consumption, and reduced stocks. The net effect is to increase exports by
117,000 MT to 1.731 million. Exports to the United States are reduced to 923,253 MT on calculated
U.S. Needs as set out in the AD/CVD Suspension Agreements. Exports to third-country destinations
are residually increased to 807,747 MT.
LIVESTOCK, POULTRY, AND DAIRY: The forecast for 2020 red meat and poultry production is
raised from last month. The beef production forecast is raised primarily on higher cattle slaughter
and heavier carcass weights. USDA will release the Cattle report on July 24, providing a mid-year
estimate of U.S. cattle inventory as well as producer intentions regarding retention of heifers for beef
cow replacement. Forecast pork production is raised from last month largely on higher expected
second-half commercial hog slaughter. Broiler production is raised on recent hatchery data while
turkey production is lowered on recent production and hatchery data. Egg production is lowered from
last month on a reduced laying flock and a reduction in eggs per layer.
For 2021, the red meat and poultry production forecast is raised as higher expected beef, pork, and
broiler production more than offsets lower forecast turkey production. Forecast beef production is
raised from the previous month as higher expected placements in late 2020 and early 2021 will result
in higher marketings. The pork production forecast is raised as the sector continues to adjust to the
effects of COVID-19. Broiler production is raised from last month while turkey and egg production
forecasts are reduced.
The beef import forecast is raised for 2020, but the export forecast is lowered from the previous
month on recent trade data. The 2021 beef trade forecasts are unchanged from last month. Pork
export forecasts for 2020 and 2021 are raised from last month as international demand is expected to
remain robust. The 2020 broiler export forecast is reduced on recent trade data, but no change is
made to the 2021 forecast. Turkey export forecasts are lowered for 2020 and 2021 on weak import
demand from key trading partners.
Cattle price forecasts for 2020 are lowered from last month on prices to date and continued large
supplies of fed cattle. Forecast 2021 cattle prices are unchanged. The 2020 hog price forecast is
reduced on current price weakness and supply pressure. The 2021 hog price forecast is also
reduced on higher hog supplies. Broiler prices for 2020 are raised fractionally on slightly higher
second-quarter prices; no change is made to the 2021 broiler price. Turkey price forecasts for 2020
and 2021 are raised as production is reduced. The 2020 egg price forecast is reduced on current
price weakness, but the 2021 egg price forecast is unchanged.
The milk production forecast for 2020 is lowered from last month largely on slower growth in milk per
cow. However, the 2021 milk production forecast is raised from last month on expectations of dairy
herd rebuilding and a recovery in growth in milk per cow. USDA’s Cattle report, to be released on
July 24, will provide a mid-year estimate of the dairy cow inventory and producer intentions regarding
retention of heifers for dairy cow replacement.
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For 2020, the fat basis import forecast is raised from the previous month on higher imports of butter,
while the fat basis export forecast is raised on increased shipments of cheese and butterfat products.
The skim-solids basis import forecast is unchanged from the previous month, but the export forecast
is raised on higher expected exports of dry skim milk products and lactose. Price forecasts for
cheese, butter, and nonfat dry milk are raised from the previous month on recent price strength and
anticipated demand strength. The whey price forecast is lowered from last month. Class III and
Class IV milk prices are raised for 2020, and the all milk price forecast is raised to $18.25 per cwt.
For 2021, the fat basis import and export forecasts are raised. The skim-solids basis import forecast
is unchanged, but the export forecast is raised on strong international demand for skim milk powder.
For 2021, cheese, butter, and nonfat dry milk price forecasts are raised from the previous month
while the whey price is unchanged. The 2021 Class III and Class IV milk price forecasts are raised
from last month, and the all milk price forecast is raised to $17.05 per cwt.
COTTON: The U.S. 2020/21 cotton projections show lower production, exports, and stocks
compared with last month. Beginning stocks are 200,000 bales lower due to higher 2019/20 exports,
but exports in 2020/21 are reduced 1 million bales as a 2-million-bale decline in projected output
reduces exportable supplies. U.S. planted area is 1.5 million acres lower this month, as indicated in
the June 30 Acreage report. Ending stocks are projected at 6.8 million bales, 1.2 million lower than in
June, and equivalent to 38 percent of use. The projected price received by U.S. upland cotton
producers is 59 cents this month, 2 cents higher than in June.
Global projected ending stocks in 2020/21 are lower this month as well, down 1.9 million bales,
largely due to a 2.5-million-bale reduction in projected world production. While the United States
accounted for most of the global decline in production, projections were also reduced for Turkey,
Tanzania, and Mexico, more than offsetting a 200,000-bale increase for Pakistan. Consumption in
2020/21 is projected 115,000 bales lower this month. At 114.3 million bales, consumption is
expected to rise 11.7 percent from the previous year’s recession-reduced level.
Approved by the Secretary of Agriculture and the Chairman of the World Agricultural Outlook Board,
Mark Jekanowski, (202) 720-6030. This report was prepared by the Interagency Commodity
Estimates Committees.
APPROVED BY:
STEPHEN CENSKY
SECRETARY OF AGRICULTURE DESIGNATE
